Eating Disorders

Eating Disorders

Adolescent girls tend to eat less because of their fear of becoming fat. They become choosy with the foods they eat, preferring snack foods to full meals. Some are too conscious about their weight and their efforts to lose weight get out of control. Due to their desire to lose weight, they develop eating disorders. They get carried away with losing weight and becoming thin. An eating disorder is an extreme, unsafe eating behavior that can cause serious illness or that may even result in death. The exact cause is unknown. Some may have serious underlying mental and emotional problems that need professional treatment. They develop eating disorders that if not treated earlier can lead to serious health problems. It might also lead to death. Teenagers who have eating disorders usually have a family history of weight problems, depression, or substance abuse. In this case they need professional help.

Some common eating disorders are 

1. Anorexia nervosa

2. Bulimia 

3. Binge eating disorder

Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by self-imposed starvation leading to excessive weight loss.

 It is an extreme fear of becoming stout and a distorted view of their body size and shape. It is a psychological disorder with physical and emotional consequences. Those experiencing this eating disorder see themselves as fat even if they are not. Their fear of being overweight is too strong. Outside pressures, high expectations, the need to achieve or the need to be popular, and the need to be accepted are characteristics of people who tend to develop this disorder. If not treated earlier, those with anorexia nervosa become malnourished.

Often simply known as anorexia, this is an eating disorder which is characterized by refusal to maintain a healthy body weight and an obsessive fear of gaining weight. Eating disorders are known to be more common in people whose occupations involve significant focus on appearance, like athletes or celebrities.

The condition may also become severe enough to cause death.
Some warning signs and symptoms of anorexia nervosa:

 Dry skin
 Fainting
 Brittle hair
 Dehydration
 Loss of body fat
 Irregular heartbeat
 Loss of menstruation
 Wasting away of muscle tissue

Some behaviors that can also be observed from those with anorexia
nervosa include the following:

 They exercise excessively.
 They wear bulky or loose clothing.
 They make excuses during meal time .
 They may shift the food around on their plate just to pretend they are
eating.

Bulimia is a disorder in which the clearing of digestive tract follows cycles of overeating. 

People with this disorder are too concerned with weight. They will eat large quantity of food in a short period of time. After eating, they will take laxatives to rid the body of the food to avoid gaining weight. They may induce vomiting, abuse laxatives or diuretics, and go on dieting, or do excessive exercises.

 These practices are harmful and will damage the body. The following are the effects of bulimia:

 Damage the heart due to starvation
 Damage the kidney due to laxative abuse
 Vomiting and laxative abuse can lead to dehydration and serious malnutrition
 Overeating can cause the stomach to enlarge and vomiting can cause the stomach to rapture
 Damage the tooth enamel and injure the mouth and throat because of stomach acids coming out due to requent vomiting

Some warning signs and symptoms of bulimia nervosa: 

 Bulimic people have open sores in the mouth due to frequent vomiting.
 Their throats are often red,
 They have tooth decay due to constant exposure to acids in their vomit.

Bulimia can be treated by undergoing psychological and nutritional counseling as well as intensive medical treatment. Anorexia and bulimia are common among adolescent girls and young women. There are also a few cases of boys suffering from this disorder. Anorexic and bulimic people have difficulty feeling good
about their bodies no matter how good they may look. Seek medical help immediately if any of these disorders affect you.

When bulimia is a problem, the following intervention will help you:

 Avoid skipping meals.
 Eat more high –fiber food.
 Include fresh fruits and vegetables in your diet.
 Drink 8-10 glasses of water and do 30-minute exercises daily.
 Avoid finger foods and select meals that require eating at the table.
 Eat regularly-timed meals consisting of a variety of foods in enough
quantity.

Binge eating disorder is characterized by compulsive eating. People who indulge in compulsive eating consume a large amount of food at one time but they do not eliminate it. 

Binge disorder may be an indicator that the person uses food to cope with depression or strong emotions. Binge eating is different from normal appetite increases or overeating during holidays. Those with a binge eating problem eat large amounts of food on a regular basis. They eat quickly or most often do something while eating, like playing computer games, watching TV, reading books, doing homework, and others. They don’t stop eating even if they are already full. This results in being overweight or even obese because of so many calories they have taken, which is more than what the body can use.

Try the following strategies to stop binge eating:
 Cope with stress. Find alternative ways to handle stress and other feelings without food. You can do exercises, meditation, or simple breathing exercises.
 Take three regular meals and choose healthy snacks. Do not skip meals as this often leads to binge eating later in the day. Take your breakfast, then have a balanced lunch and dinner on scheduled mealtime. If you will take a snack in between, be sure to choose healthy snacks.
 Stay away from temptation. Do not store junk food and other unhealthy snacks in your refrigerator or cabinet.
 Stop dieting. Depriving yourself of food will just trigger food craving and you will have the urge to overeat. What you can do is to focus on eating nutritious foods in moderation. Avoid being uncomfortably full.
 Avoid dullness/boredom. Try to do something worthwhile instead of snacking. You can read, do gardening, paint, bike, walk, and other hobbies.
 Do some exercises. Exercise this will not only help you lose weight but will reduce stress as well. It gives a natural mood-boosting effect that will help you stop that emotional eating practice.
 Have enough sleep. Instead of eating when you are tired, it is better to take a nap or sleep earlier to boost your energy.
 Know your body. You must know when you are physically hungry. If you have just eaten and feel like eating again, just ignore it. It is just emotional hunger.
 Note the food you eat. Recording the food you eat, the time, quantity, and the feeling while eating will help you see the pattern. Do you overeat when you feel stressed, upset, hurt or angry? You will see the connection between your mood and binge eating.
 Get help. Build a solid support network such as with your family, friends, or join a support group. You can also seek medical help.

Remember, you can avoid binge eating by developing a healthier relationship with food. It must be a relationship based on your nutritional needs and not on your emotional needs. You must eat for your health and nutrition. Having a balanced meal plan and choosing healthy foods can help you avoid binge eating.
Watch your eating behavior. There are some behaviors that may indicate that you are at risk for developing an eating disorder.

 Do the next activity to check your eating behavior.

The Food Plate and the Food Guide Pyramid

Nutritional Guidelines for Healthy Eating

Propelling: How do get proper nutrition?

Complete the following information.

Food is broken down to the following five accepted groups

1. Bread, cereals, and ________________
2. _________________and vegetables
3. Milk and _________________ products
4. Meat and ________________ alternatives
5. _______________ and sugary foods

The amount of calories that we require will change from one person to another but the proportions of food from different groups should remain unchanged.



The Food Plate suggests
1. to help you get the right balance diet of the five main food groups
2. to maintain healthy diet just follow the portion of each food group to be guided in eating using this method

The Food Guide Pyramid was the model for healthy eating in the United States. Maybe you had to memorize its rainbow stripes in school.

But the USDA, the agency in charge of nutrition, has switched to a new symbol: a colorful plate —called MyPlate — with some of the same messages:

• Eat a variety of foods.
• Eat less of some foods and more of others.

You know what fruits and vegetables are, but here's a reminder about what's included in the three other food groups: protein, grains, and dairy:

• Protein: Beef; poultry; fish; eggs; nuts and seeds; and beans and peas like black beans, split peas, lentils, and even tofu and veggie burgers. Protein builds up, maintains, and replaces the tissues in your body.
• Grains: Bread, cereal, rice, tortillas, and pasta. Whole-grain products such as whole-wheat bread, oatmeal, and brown rice are recommended because they have more fiber and help you feel full.
• Dairy: Milk, yogurt, cheese, and fortified soy milk. With MyPlate, the dairy circle could be a cup of milk, but you also can get your dairy servings from yogurt or cheese. Choose low-fat or nonfat dairy most of the time.

First Lady Likes the Plate

First Lady Michelle Obama introduced the plate and said she will use it with her family, which includes the Obamas' two daughters, Sasha and Malia. Mrs. Obama, who started the Let's Move campaign to help kids get healthier, said the pyramid just wasn't easy enough for parents and kids to follow. The plate is simple and useful.

"I can't help but look at my own plate a little differently," she said. "We're implementing this in our household."

The plate can be used for breakfast, lunch, and dinner. That may make you wonder: Do I really have to eat vegetables with breakfast? The answer is no, but aim to eat a variety of food groups at each meal. And if your breakfast doesn't include a veggie, consider a vegetable at snack time. (Yes, healthy, portion-controlled snacks are still OK.)

The plate also shows how to balance your food groups. There's a reason the protein section is smaller: You don't need as much from that group. Eating more fruits and vegetables will help you eat fewer calories overall, which helps you keep a healthy weight. Eating fruits and veggies also gives you lots of vitamins andminerals.

The pyramid had six vertical stripes to represent the five food groups plus oils. The plate features four sections (vegetables, fruits, grains, and protein) plus a side order of dairy in blue.

The big message is that fruits and vegetables take up half the plate, with the vegetable portion being a little bigger than the fruit section.

And just like the pyramid where stripes were different widths, the plate has been divided so that the grain section is bigger than the protein section. Why? Because nutrition experts recommend you eat more vegetables than fruit and more grains than protein foods.

source: http://kidshealth.org/kid/stay_healthy/food/pyramid.html#a_First_Lady_Likes_the_Plate

We all need to eat a balanced diet every day. This includes servings of

foods from different food groups in the Food Guide Pyramid. This guide suggests

that we consume--

 food from the fats, oil and sweet group sparingly.

 at least 1 glass a day of food from the milk and milk products group.

 2 and ½ servings daily of food from the meat, poultry, dry beans,

eggs, and nuts group.

 1 egg a day (for teenagers).

 3 servings of food from the vegetable group daily (for teenagers).

 3 servings of fruits daily.

 the greatest number of servings, which is 6-8 servings, of bread,

cereal, rice, root crops and noodles

Food Guide PYramid

As a teen do you want to grow taller? Do you want to have more energy for your daily activities. Do you want to feel good? Do you want to develop fully to the highest potential your body can achieve?

Do want to maintain a proper weight? Do you want help to reduce weight? Do you want to reduce the risk of having chronic non communicable disease like high blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, cancer and other chronic disease?

Eating a balance diet and always exercising is the key to having a healthy good nutrition and maintaining a healthy body and away to chronic diseases. For you to achieve good health take this small steps to ensure us of good health.

Healthy eating occurs when you have the correct knowledge of the amount of food to be taken daily. For example like how many serving of bread, how much of rice can we eat to gain or maintain weight, do we still need to eat fruits to complete our meal, do we need to drink milk even as adults. There are so may question to be answered but there is one way to answer all of this queries.

Let us go understand why a pyramid is used to represent our guide in healthy eating

1. the bottom means we have to take more of this

2. topmost represents the food we have to take least of it

10 Nutritional Guidelines For Filipinos

1. Eat a variety of foods everyday.

• The human body needs more than 40 different nutrients for good health. No single food can provide all the nutrients in the amounts needed. Eat a variety of foods, to provide all the nutrients required in the proper amount and balance.

2. Breast-feed infants exclusively from birth to 4-6 months and then, give appropriate foods while continuing breast-feeding.

• Infants and children up to 2 years of age are most vulnerable to malnutrition. Breast-feeding is one of the most effective strategies to improve child survival. Nutritional requirements of an infant can be obtained solely from breast milk for the first 6 months of life. After that time, breast milk must be complemented with appropriate foods, but breast-feeding should be continued for up to 2 years of age or longer. 
• The decision to breast-feed is made by the mother. Nonetheless, the husband and other family members, health workers, neighbors, community organizations, officemates and employers must encourage her to breast-feed her infant.

3. Maintain children's normal growth through proper diet and monitor their growth regularly.
4. Consume fish, lean meat, poultry or dried beans.

• To improve the Filipino diet, not only should the total quantity of food be increased but the quality of the diet should also be improved by including animal products of substitutes.
• Including fish, lean meat, poultry, or dried beans in the daily meals will not only enhance the protein quality if the diet but also supply highly absorbable iron, preformed vitamin A and zinc.
• Fish, lean meat, poultry without skin, and dried beans, in contrast to fatty meats, are low in saturated fats, which are linked to heart disease.

5. Eat more vegetables, fruits and root crops.

• In general, most people do not eat enough vegetables, fruits and root crops. Results of food consumption surveys conducted by the FNRI show that the average consumption of green leafy vegetables, vitamin C-rich fruits and root crops are low in the Filipino diet.
• The consumption of more vegetables, fruits and root crops is encouraged to help correct the micronutrient deficiencies consistently noted in national nutrition surveys. Eating root crops will add dietary energy to the meal.

6. Eat foods cooked in edible/cooking oil daily.

• In general, Filipinos use very little oil in their cooking. Boiling is the most common method of food preparation. Hence, the total fat and oil consumption in a Filipino diet is low.
• Fats and oils are concentrated sources of energy. A low fat and oil consumption results in a diet low in energy value, contributing to chronic energy deficiency. Fats and oils are also essential for absorption and utilization of fat-soluble vitamins, such as vitamin A. A low fat intake may be one of the causes of vitamin A deficiency among Filipinos.
• To ensure adequate fat intake, Filipinos should be encouraged to stir-fry foods in vegetable oil or to add fats and oils whenever possible in food preparation. This will guard against chronic energy deficiency and help to lower the risk of vitamin A deficiency.
• The excessive use of saturated fats and oils, however, may increase the risk of heart disease. The proper choice of fats and oils therefore is essential.

7. Consume milk, milk products and other calcium-rich foods such as small fish and dark green leafy vegetables everyday.

• Nutrition surveys indicate a consistent failure of Filipinos to meet dietary recommendations for calcium. An adequate amount of calcium in the diet starting from childhood all through adulthood will help prevent osteoporosis in later life.
• Milk and milk products provide highly absorbable calcium besides being good sources of protein, vitamin A and other nutrients.
• Milk and other calcium-rich foods are valuable additions to our rice/plant-based diets, which are not only poor sources of calcium but also contain calcium-inhibiting substances.

8. Use iodized salt, but avoid excessive intake of salty foods.

• Goiter and Iodine Deficiency Disorders are rampant in many areas of the Philippines, causing physical and mental retardation in children. The regular use of iodized salt in the table and in cooking in addition to taking iodine-rich foods, will greatly help in eradicating this preventable disease.
• On the other hand, excessive intake of salt and salty foods particularly in susceptible individuals increases the risk of hypertension and hence of heart disease. Avoiding too much table salt and overly salty foods may help in the prevention and control of these conditions.

9. Eat clean and safe food.

• Food and water are essential to life but they may also carry disease-causing organisms like bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, or harmful chemical substances.
• It is important to buy foods that are safe. Purchase food only from reliable sources. In addition, care must be taken when preparing and serving meals to prevent food-borne diseases.
• Sharing in the efforts to improve environmental hygiene and sanitation in the community will greatly contribute to food safety in the home.

10. For a healthy lifestyle and good nutrition, exercise regularly, do not smoke and avoid drinking alcoholic beverages.

• With the changing lifestyle of Filipinos, chronic degenerative diseases are becoming significant public health problems. Healthy diets, regular exercise, abstinence from smoking and moderate alcohol intake are key components of a healthy lifestyle.

reference: http://www.nscb.gov.ph/headlines/nutrition/ngf.htm

• An adequate diet for an active child is one that promotes good health and normal growth.
• A well-nourished child is healthy, strong, and alert, has good disposition, and grows at a normal rate.
• A poorly nourished child exhibits sluggish if not permanently delayed physical and mental development. In addition, he is lethargic and frequently ill because of low resistance to infection.
• Over nutrition on the other hand, may lead to obesity that may cause physical and emotional problems in childhood and later in life.

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Health concerns during puberty and coping strategies

Physical Changes during Puberty

Most of us know these signs of puberty like hair growing in private areas, the monthly period a girls, increasing body odor of teens, changing or deepening of voice in boys, breast development in girls and many others. We should be knowledgeable and understand these series of changes happening to teenagers during puberty

Usually after a girl's 8th birthday or after a boy turns 9 or 10, puberty begins when an area of the brain called the hypothalamus starts to release gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). When GnRH travels to the pituitary gland (a small gland under the brain that produces hormones that control other glands throughout the body), it releases two more puberty hormones — luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone FSH). [1]

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What happens next depends on gender:

These are some of the general changes that happen to adolescent boys
and girls during puberty:

• There is a rapid increase in height and weight. Boys experience this usually two years later than girls. The head, hands and feet grow faster first, then the arms and legs, and then the chest and shoulders. This is why the body of an adolescent seems to be out of proportion.

• Changes in circulatory and respiratory systems—The lungs and heart work better, so the teenagers become stronger and can work longer, although the increase is more in boys than in girls.

• Body composition—Muscles develop rapidly, although boys’ muscles grow faster than girls’. Body fat increases, although the increase in girls’ body fat is more than the boys’. 

usually boys and girls get fat at this stage. In girls, fat usually accumulates inside the breast and hips which is very evident during the process. For the boys body fat increase as making bigger than before.

• Other changes:
o Increase in hormone production.
o Harder bones
o More active sweat glands

Primary sex characteristics are changes directly related to sexual
reproduction.
The reproductive organs of both boys and girls grow and develop. The boys
experience their first release of seminal fluid or ejaculation from the penis. The
girls experience menarche or the first release of blood and fluids from the vagina,
later called menstruation.

Secondary sex characteristics are changes not directly related to sexual
reproduction.

Boys
• deeper voice
• bigger Adam’s apple
• shoulders become wider than the hips.
• face, body and pubic area hair growth
• skin on the upper arms and thighs becomes rough.

Girls
• development of breast
• hips become wider than the shoulders.
• underarm and pubic area hair

1. http://kidshealth.org/parent/growth/growing/understanding_puberty.html#

2. Grade 7 Leaners' Manual pp 20 - 21

Stages of growth and development

• 
  
• Growth is a lifelong process that starts with a single cell. It’s created by joining together of one special cell with another cell which comes from each parent.• The period of life from the first year through the teen years is a time of great growth.

• Different stages of growth.• There are stages of growth that a person goes through.• Infancy• Early childhood• Childhood• Late childhood• Adolescence• adulthood
• Infancy• Infancy- from birth to 18th months• Physical changes• Bones are still soft and flexible• Learns to sit, to crawl, to stand and to sit.• Mental changes• Gets what it need by crying• Can recognize parents and siblings
• 
  

• Early childhood• 18th month to 3 years• Physical changes• Learns to walk and to talk• Arms and legs get longer• Mental changes• Learns to use the toilet• Social changes• Not ready to share or to play interactively with others

• Childhood• 3 to 6 years• Physical changes• Begins to lose milk teeth• Mental changes• Learns to behave while in a group• Social changes• Learns to play interactively and to make friends• Emotional changes• Physical contact becomes less frequent

• Late childhood• Physical changes• Appetite increases• Process of sexual maturity begins• Mental changes• Acquires high-level thinking skills• Emotional changes• Self-centeredness lessens• Choose friends of the same sex

• Adolescence• The period of gradual change from childhood to adulthood the time of life between childhood and adulthood.• Physical changes• Rapid physical growth• Body starts to look more like an adult• Mental changes• Begins to question oneself• Starts to enjoy participating in adult conversationEmotional changes• Feeling very quickly from being happy to being lonely.• Sees people as having needs like his.• Social changes• Friends views become more important
• 
  

• Adulthood• Period from the twenties onward• Physical changes• A slow weakening of the five senses• a slow loss of calcium in the bones• Bones become brittle• Stiffening of the joints and weakening of the muscles

http://www.slideshare.net/AudricTuppil/stages-of-growth-and-development

Dimensions of Holistic Health

Propelling_________________________________________________________

The best way to live a long life is to get serious ailment and take care of it. - Sir Wm. Osler, MD

What is health?

The word health came from the Anglo-Saxon root "helthe", which means "hale, sound, whole".

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a "state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity".

A person "in perfect health" my suddenly seen unhealthy if he or she is confronted with a new job or situation that demands upon him/her not previously encountered. One may be physically strong and able to cope with physical hardships but he may be unhealthy as shown by his behavior.

Signs of good health

>healthy teeth
>fast healing wounds
>clear vision and hearing
>soft, flawless skin
>shiny hair
>happy disposition
>positive outlook in life
>can handle stress well
>full of energy in all activities
>can face life's trials and difficulties

Health focuses on wellness. It is a positive approach that includes all the dimensions of health: physical, mental, emotional, social and moral-spiritual. 

Health is the well-being of your body, mind, and your relationship with others. On the other hand, wellness means striving to live your life to achieve your fullest potential, making decisions, and acting in healthy ways. It is practicing positive health behaviors based on sound knowledge and healthy attitudes. You are likely to have a high degree of wellness if you have a balanced life. Being healthy means having a balance of the dimensions of health. This results in attaining holistic health.

Guide Questions:

What is holistic health?
Why is it important for us to know the dimensions of health?
How can we achieve holistic health?

What is Holistic health? 
- Lonny J. Brown, Ph. D.

Taking into description one's body, mind, emotions, and spiritual life, holistic health combines the best of modern scientific diagnosis and monitoring techniques with both ancient and new health promotion methods. These include natural diet and herbal remedies, nutritional supplements, exercise, relaxation, psycho-spiritual counselling, medication, breathing exercises and self-regulatory practices. It addresses not only symptoms, but the entire person, and his or her current life dilema, including family, job, and religious life. It emphasizes prevention, health maintenance, high-level wellness, and strength. It views the client as an participant in the healing process, rather than simply a passive recipient of health care.

Dimensions of Holistic Health

1. Mental health – challenge yourself: ask questions, be open to new ideas, learn new skill, be imaginative and do interesting mental activities these help us to have a healthy and young at mind

means being a lifelong learner by continuously wanting to learn new things and improve one’s kills. A mentally healthy person is open to new ideas and experiences that can improve personal,

family, and community life.

learning new skills to improve personal and family life

2. Moral-spiritual – spiritual wholeness is an important contributor to good health, it brings harmony, focus, direction, and balance to our lives. This principle in which we believe drives the essence of our being

1. Telling the truth and showing respect are commonly accepted standards of right behaviour.
2. Seeking guidance from parents, teachers, religious leaders, and other responsible adults will help you in making difficult choices.
3.Act according to a set of high ethical principles. 

You will gain respect and trust from others if you demonstrate good character. Moral-spiritual health, together with the other dimensions, will help you attain holistic health.

3. Social –refers to how well you get along with other people. This can be observed when you as a member of the community, being well-integrated encourage personal growth. A supportive social network also contributes to emotional health, happiness and helps us make healthier choices

a. make and keep friends

b.  play/work well with a group

c. give and get help from others when needed

d. communicate well and show respect and care for yourself and others

4. Physical – best physical health occurs when our bodies are functioning at their highest potential. This results from healthy habits such as good nutrition, an active lifestyle, regular sleep pattern, and avoiding harmful habits such as smoking, drug use, or heavy drinking

means how well your body functions. It means you can carry out everyday tasks without becoming too tired. It also means you have enough energy to enjoy activities and to meet emergencies. It means developing healthful habits and avoiding destructive habits, such as smoking, drinking alcoholic beverages and taking dangerous drugs and harmful substances.

a. keeping your body fit by exercising and participating in active games

b. eating a well-balanced diet

c. getting adequate sleep and rest

d. drinking enough water

e. practicing cleanliness and good grooming habits

f. getting regular medical and dental checkup and treatment

g. avoiding harmful substances, such as tobacco, alcohol and drugs of abuse

5. Emotional health involves understanding and liking yourself as well as accepting and learning from your mistakes. It refers to how well you meet the demands of daily life and how you adjust to new situations. It also means

expressing your happiness, love, joy and hope as well as your sadness, anger, stress and fear in healthful productive ways. You can best practice these when you:

a. face life’s problems squarely

b. handle stress and seek help, if needed

c. express your emotions in positive ways

d. deal with life’s pressures and stresses in positive ways

 e. build strong communication network among family, friends and peers 

JOURNEY TO HEALTH AND WELLNESS

Wellness starts with you, your choices in choosing to live a quality life. The following is a helpful guide  in journey to health and wellness

1. Schedule a Me-Time  -a quite personal time
2. Do the things you enjoy most - nuture yourself by doing the things you love to do most
3. Get enough sleep - is important to health
4. Keep your feet moving - exercise
5. Mindful eating - review eating habits
6. Leave the work in the workplace - allow yourself to enjoy simple moments doing ordinary things like laundry, reading, or drinking coffee or eating a healthy meal without being disturbed
7. Say "NO", when you have to - create space in your life for moments that bring joy and so say no when you have to
8. Relaxing day off - be sure not to engage work
9. Bonding with the family- use family time to create good family memories
10. One on One bonding -  

TIME FOR FRIENDS is a wonderful avenue to have fun, expand your world and laugh over silly escapades


take this holistic health exam

https://www.expandinglight.org/holistic-health/self-assessment-quiz.php

MAPEH on the Go, revised, Muyot, Fritzimarie R., Baarde, Claire G., and Pastor, Esmeralda V., Sunshine                         Interlinks Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City Philippines

Journey towards MAPEH 7
register and see how your overall health is

source: Journey through MAPEH 7 k-12

Changes in the health dimensions during puberty

 

Changes in the health dimensions during puberty

Physical Changes

 These are some of the general changes that happen to adolescent boys and girls during puberty:

• There is a rapid increase in height and weight. Boys experience this usually two years later than girls. The head, hands and feet grow faster first, then the arms and legs, and then the chest and shoulders. This is why the body of an dolescent seems to be out of proportion.

• Changes in circulatory and respiratory systems—The heart and lungs grow bigger and work better, so the adolescent becomes stronger and can work longer, although the increase is more in boys than in girls.

• Body composition—Muscles develop rapidly, although boys’ muscles grow faster than girls’. Body fat increases, although the increase in girls’ body fat is more than the boys’.

• Other changes:

o There is a sudden increase in hormone production.

o Bones become harder.

o Sweat and oil glands become more active. 20

 Primary sex characteristics are changes directly related to sexual reproduction.

 The reproductive organs of both boys and girls grow and develop. The boys experience their first release of seminal fluid or ejaculation from the penis. The girls experience menarche or the first release of blood and fluids from the vagina, later called menstruation.

 Secondary sex characteristics are changes not directly related to sexual reproduction.

 Boys

• The voice becomes deeper.

• The Adam’s apple becomes bigger.

• The shoulders become wider than the hips.

• Hair grows on the face, body and pubic area.

• The skin on the upper arms and thighs becomes rough.

 Girls

• Breasts develop.

• The hips become wider than the shoulders.

• Hair grows on the underarm and pubic area.

Mental

The development of their intellectual ability makes adolescents less accepting of what others say. They learn to question what others say. They try to get to the bottom of things—trying to find out what to believe in and what to doubt.

• The adolescents make better decisions because they can evaluate risks and rewards better. They can sense the isadvantages and dangers as well as the advantages and rewards that might happen because of their actions. They can already think well before acting as well as know the importance of planning ahead. These characteristics help dolescents

make better decisions. However, adolescents take more risks than adults because they enjoy the rewards that result from their actions.

• On the other hand, adolescents have a tendency to become bored with routine activities; they need to be challenged.

Emotional

Adolescents are more responsive to rewards and stress.

Adolescents are more emotional and this makes them open to being hurt or in danger.

• Adolescent boys are also sexually active; therefore, they are prone to participate in risky behavior. Due to the sudden increase in the manufacture of hormones, adolescent boys become more aggressive.

• Adolescent girls become self-conscious because of the changes that are happening to them. These also give them a feeling of insecurity.

• Early maturing boys are usually taller and stronger; they have a good body image, so they are more confident, secure and independent.

Social

Adolescents are very self- conscious. They consider approval of friends and other adolescents or peers as very important.

• Adolescents enjoy being with friends, so they stay longer with them after school. They enjoy choosing clothes to wear; they also crave privacy. These sometimes cause conflicts between adolescents and their parents.

 • Young adolescents choose friends who share the same interest with them.

• Adolescents who grow up with family members showing love, guidance and support for each other are less likely to get involved with bad company and engage in fights, vandalism, smoking , drinking, or drug sessions.

Moral-spiritual

Adolescents begin analyzing themselves during this stage. They try to find out who they really are and analyze their strengths and weaknesses. As a result, they understand themselves better and learn to accept and like themselves, including their weaknesses. They learn that house rules imposed by their parents are there to promote order and harmony at home. However, they are not absolute and some are negotiable as they mature. They begin to distinguish between rules that are negotiable and those that are non-negotiable. Non-negotiable rules, like smoking, are imposed because they are for their own good. During adolescence, boys and girls realize what they could become in the

future. This helps them analyze what they are doing and how it could affect their future. This can be scary for some adolescents. It might create conflict between how they look at themselves now and what they want to become.